Rootstock
The land of Iran has long been the place of cultivation of various plants and the history of agriculture and cultivation of plants in Iran’s border has a long history. In fact, in Iranian culture, the cultivation and cultivation of all kinds of flowers and plants from the place that exists.
In today’s era, despite the concerns and lack of resources, there is a need for new developments in various fields of agricultural sciences, such as modern agriculture, plant breeding, propagation and breeding of plants, pest control, and poisons, all of which can be directed in a direction that can be done in a shorter period of time. It solved the needs in a faster way. One of the most important and efficient areas in this regard is the issue of plant propagation and cultivation. However, reproduction methods are not the same in all plants and each plant has its own unique reproduction methods.One of these methods, propagation or vegetative reproduction, means the growth and development of plants in an asexual way. In vegetative reproduction carried out by meristem tissues, cells actively divide during mitosis and cause rapid and extensive initial growth of the plant. Among the most common methods of vegetative propagation are cuttings, division and grafting.
Peach & Nectarine
GF677
(Hybrid of P.persica x P. amigdalus)
Selected by INRA in France. Induces high vigor, higher than the Prunus Persica. Polyvalent rootstock, it is mainly used for peach and almond, plum trees, although with an intermediate (a variety) it is also being used a lot for apricot. It gives high productivity and is also suitable for calcareous, poorly irrigated and hilly soils. It does not disdain clayey soils, as long as they are not asphyxiated. Sensitive to Agrobacterium and Armillaria.
MRS 2/5
(P.Cerasifera x P.spinosa)
Rootstock selected at the University of Pisa. It gives the plant a medium-low vigor and requires very fertile and irrigated soils. In these conditions, as a dwarf rootstock, it induces good productivity and very good fruit quality. Good affinity with the main cultivars. It has polloniferous activity, but lower than other plums. It can also adapt well to medium rich soils, as long as it has sufficient water availability and is not heavy with clay. It resists root asphyxia and active limestone well.
GF-655/2
GF-655/2 was developed by INRA in France. It is compatible with apricot, peach, and nectarine, and is also suitable for plum. This rootstock has good tolerance to waterlogged and calcareous soils. Resistance to Phytophthora and Crown Gall are some of its traits.
هلو و شلیل
سیب
زرد آلو
آلو
گیلاس و آلبالو
گلابی
بادام
In the grafting method, a part of a plant is attached to a part of another plant and grown on it. In this case, the aerial part resulting from the scion is called the variety and the soil part of the plant is called the base. The base of a transplanted seedling is actually the lower and rooted part of the plant, while the cultivar includes the aerial parts, branches and fruiting organs of the plant that are grafted on the base. In the act of transplanting, foundations are generally used that have deep, strong roots with high absorption power, resistant to pests and diseases, as well as unsuitable soils (salty, alkaline, calcareous, etc.).
In general, the importance of grafting is that it transfers the specific characteristics of the plant to the new plant. In other words, the benefits of grafting can be mentioned as maintaining the characteristics of a variety and changing the variety of the tree, shortening the juvenile period, diagnosing viral diseases and correcting them, repairing damaged parts, rejuvenating trees, making plants stronger and increasing their productivity.
On the other hand, since one of the most important goals of grafting methods is to create uniformity and homogeneity of tree production, which in the seedling production method is the sexual reproduction method that leads to seed production, this uniformity and uniformity is not seen in the production of fruits. At the same time, the characteristics and characteristics of the base and variety are also of special importance, grafting methods have become one of the most important methods of producing seedlings.
Roots are usually divided into two categories: seed roots and vegetative roots.
Seed Roots:
They are usually obtained from the seeds of forest species, and among the prominent features of this type of foundations, we can mention:
The length of the juvenile period of the plant,
creating unevenness in the garden,
The different behaviors of the resulting plants against pests and diseases.
Non-uniformity and different sizes of fruits.
Vegetative Roots:
They are propagated through tissue culture, cuttings, or bedding. One of the most important features of vegetative base seedlings is their resistance to pests and diseases related to plants, which increases significantly in this case. In addition, one of the other features of these seedlings that play an effective role in the fruiting of the tree is increasing the economic useful life of the tree. Also, this useful life increases productivity and product quality.
Among the most prominent distinguishing characteristics of vegetative bases, the following can be mentioned:
- Shortening of the juvenile period
- Resistance to pests and diseases
- Resistance to living and non-living environmental stresses
- Creating uniformity in the garden
- The same size and size of all the fruits of the trees, followed by the uniformity and the same quality of the fruits
In general, it can be said that in this method of propagation, we will have a healthier plant due to the fact that the plants are free from pathogenic factors. Based on the method of producing grafted seedlings, we divide the seedlings into two categories: traditional seedlings and progressive seedlings.